APPENDIX A.    

NATIVE PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF THE OREGON COAST RANGE

This appendix consists of three tables. Table A.1 is a list of native bearing trees, shrubs, and other understory vascular plants noted by General Land Office surveyors (see Appendix D). Table A.2 is a list of native food plants used by precontact Indian families. Table A.3 is a list of native animals used for food.

Table A.1         Native trees, shrubs, and vines. 

Bearing Trees

Latin Name

Surveyor Notes

Alder (Red)

Alnus rubra

 

Ash (Oregon)

Fraxinus latifolia

 

Cherry, Wild

Prunus emarginata

"Cherry"

Chinquapin

Chrysolepis chrysophylla

 

Chittam

Rhamnus purshiana

Cascara buckthorn

(Cottonwood, Black)

Populus balsamifera

"Balm" (of Gilead)

Crabapple (Wild)

Pyrus fusca

 

Dogwood

Cornus nuttalli

 

(Douglas-fir)

Pseudotsuga menziesii

"Fir"

(Fir, "True")

Abies, spp.

"Spruce"?

(Fir, Grand)

Abies grandis

 

(Fir, Noble)

Abies nobilis

 

Fir, White

Abies concolor

(?)

Hemlock (Western)

Tsuga heterophylla

 

(Madrone)

Arbutus menziesii

" Mountain Balm"?

Maple (Bigleaf)

Acer macrophyllum

 

Myrtle

Myrica californica

(?)

Oak (White)

Quercas garryanna

 

(Redcedar)

Thuja plicata

"Cedar"

Spruce (Sitka)

Picea sitchensis

True fir?

Willow

Salix, spp.

 

Yew

Taxus brevifolia

 

 

 

 

Other Plants

 

 

Arrowwood

Holodiscus discolor

Ocean spray

Blackberry (Wild)

Rubus ursinus

 

(Brackenfern)

Pteridium aquilinum

"Fern"

Camas

Camassia, spp.

 

(Chokecherry)

Prunus virginiana

"Cherry"

DevilŐs ("War") Club

Oplopanax horridum

"Devil's Walking Stick"

Ferns

Polystichum, spp.

And others

Gooseberry

Ribes divaricatum

 

Grasses

Poaceae, spp.

And others

Hazel

Corylus cornuta

Filbert

Huckleberry

Vaccinium, spp.

 

Laurel

Kalmia occidentalist (?)

Madrone?

Lilac

Ceanothus, spp. (?)

Buckbrush?

Oregon Grape

Berberis aquifolium

"Wild grape"

Pea (Wild, "Indian")

Vicia americana

Also Lathyrus, spp.

Raspberry (Wild)

Rubus leucodermis

Blackcap

Rhododendron (Western)

Rhododendron macrophyllum

 

Salal

Gaultheria shallon

 

Salmonberry

Rubus spectabilis

 

Strawberry (Wild)

Fragaria, spp.

 

Thimbleberry

Rubus parviflorus

 

Vine Maple

Acer circinatum

 

 

Table A.2          Native food plants.

 

Food Type

Food Name

Fire

Latin Name

Reference

Berries

Blackberry

XX

Rubus ursinus 

 

 

Black cap

XX

Rubus leucodermis

 

 

Elderberry

XX

Sambus spp.

 

 

Gooseberry

XX

Ribes divaricatum

 

 

Huckleberry

XX

Vaccinium, spp.

 

 

Kinnikinik

XX

Arctostaphylos

Jensen 2000

 

Oregon Grape

XX

Berberis aquifolium

 

 

Salal

XX

Gaultheria shallon

 

 

Salmonberry

XX

Rubus spectabilis

 

 

Strawberry

XX

Fragaria, spp.

 

 

Thimbleberry

XX

Rubus parviflorus

 

Bulbs

Camas

XX

Camassia, spp.

 

 

Lily, Chocolate           

XX

Fritillaria lanceolata

 

 

Lily, Tiger

XX

Lilium columbianum

 

 

Onion

XX

Allium, spp.

 

 

Wapato           

X

Sagittaria latifolia

 

Fruits 

Crabapple

X

Pyrus fusca

 

 

Cranberries

X

 

 

 

Cherry, Wild   

XX

Prunus emarginata

 

 

Chokecherry

XX

Prunus virginiana

 

 

Indian plum

XX

Oemleria cerasiformis 

 

 

Manzanita

 

 

 

 

Rosehips

XX

Rosa spp.

 

Grains           

Grass seed

XX

Poaceae, spp.

 

 

Indian peas

XX

Vicia Americana

 

 

Sunflower

XX

Wyethia angustifolia

 

 

Tarweed

XX

Madia, spp.

 

 

Vetch

XX

Vicia spp.

 

Greens           

Dock

XX

Rumex occidentalis

 

 

Miner's Lettuce

XX

Claytonia spp.

 

 

Nettles

XX

Urtica dioica   

 

 

Seaweed

X

Porphyra spp.

 

 

Sweet Clover

X

Trifolium spp.

 

Mushrooms

Chicken-in-the-woods 

 

Laetiporus sulphureaus

Arora 1991

 

Matsutake

 

Tricholoma spp.

Arora 1991

 

Morrels

XX

Morchella spp.

Arora 1991

 

Puffballs

XX

Calvatia spp

Arora 1991

 

Shaggy Manes

 

Coprinus comatus

Arora 1991

Nuts

Acorns

XX

Quercas garryanna

Wilkes 1845

 

Filberts

XX

Corylus cornuta

 

 

Myrtle nuts

XX

Myrica californica

 

 

Pine nuts

X

Pinus, spp.

 

Roots

Brackenfern

XX

Pteridium aquilinum

 

 

Mountain carrot

XX

Lomatum spp.

 

 

Yampah

XX

Perideridia gairdneri

 

Stalks

Cat-tail

X

Typha latifolia

 

 

Fiddleheads

XX

Polystichum, spp.

 

 

Skunk cabbage

X

Lysichiton americanum

 

 

Thistle (Edible)

XX

 

 

 

Table A.3         Native food animals.

 

Food Type

Food Name

Fire

Latin Name

Crustaceans

Crabs, Dungeness

O

Cancer magister

 

Crawdads

X

Astacus pacifastacus   

 

Shrimp

O

 

Fish

Eels, Lamprey 

X

Lampetra tridentate

 

Eulachon

O

Thaleichthys pacificus

 

Flounder

X

Platichthys spp.

 

Herring, Pacific

O

Clupea harengus

 

Halibut

X

 

 

Perch

O

Rhacochilus/Embiotoca

 

Rockfish

O

Sebastes spp.

 

Salmon, Chinook

X

O. tshawytscha

 

Salmon, Coho

X

O. kisutch

 

Salmon, Dog   

X

O. keta

 

Salmon, Sockeye

X

Oncorhynchus nerka

 

Smelt

X

Spirinchus spp.

 

Sole

O

Pleuronectidae

 

Sturgeon

X

Acipenser spp.

 

Suckers

X

Catostomus spp

 

Trout, Cutthroat

X

O. clarkii-clarkii

 

Trout, Rainbow           

X

O. mykiss

 

Trout, Steelhead

X

O. mykis

Fowl   

Doves 

XX

 

 

Ducks  

XX

Anas spp.; Aythya spp

 

Grouse, ruffed  

XX

Bonansa umbellus

 

Geese

XX

Branta spp.

 

Swans  

XX

Cygnus spp.

 

Quail, Cal.

XX

Callipepla californica 

 

Quail, Mt.

XX

Oreortyx pictus

 

Pigeon, band-tailed

XX

Columba fasciata

Insects           

Grass hoppers  

XX

 

 

Stoneflies

X

Plecoptera

 

Yellow jackets  (larvae)

XX

 

Red Meat

Bear, Black

XX

Ursus americanus

 

Beaver

X

Castor canadensis

 

Boomer           

XX

Aplodontia rufa

 

Deer, Blacktail

XX

Odocoileus hemionus

 

Deer, Whitetail

XX

Odocoileus virginiana 

 

Elk

XX

Cervus elephus

 

Gray Diggers

XX

 

 

Hares

XX

Lepus americanus

 

Rabbits

XX

 

 

Seals    

O

Phoca vitulina

 

Sea Lions

O

Zalophus californianu

 

Squirrels, Gray

XX

 

 

Whale, Grey (occasional)

O

Eschrichtius gibbosus  

Shellfish

Clams, Butter

X

Saxidomus giganteus

 

Clams, Geoduck

X

Panopea generosa

 

Clams, Freshwater

X

 

 

Clams, Horse

X

Schizothaerus spp.

 

Clams, Razor

O

Siliqua patula 

 

Mussels, (saltwater)

O

Mytilus californianus

 

Mussels, freshwater     

X

M. margaritifera

 

Oysters (native)

X

Ostrea lurida

 

Urchins, Red/Purple

O

Strongylocentrotus spp